My Methods in Teaching English for student

This article is part of REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE from a research posted in previous post (read: A Comparison in Mastery Simple Past Tense between Students). In this post I would like to discuss about Students, Teaching English for children, Teaching method, such as Direct Method, Silent Way Method and Communicative Approach Method.

Grammar

Language as instrument of communication will have meaning, if it is used by using its rule. Every language has rule that must be obeyed and applied by language user. Applying the rule in speech will show to the others that speaker is educational individual, for example in Java. Javanese applies the rule according to whom he or she speaks. If he/she speaks to older person, he/she must speak slowly and use polite dialect, known well as "Krama Inggil". When he/she speaks to his/her friends, he/she uses lower level than Krama Inggil, which is "Krama Madya."
Not only Javanese has rule but also English. English has own rule of language. It is applied according the situation. For instance when he/she was in a classroom or meeting must apply formal language but at outside classroom or meeting, he/she can use informal language.
But basically a sentence, which English, Indonesia or Javanese have the same rule just the name of part of sentence is different because in different language. A sentence is composed by subject, verb and object occasionally completed by complement. For example: He played football. He being subject, played as verb and football is object. The object may be indirect or direct object, like this sentence: She gave her a flower. Her is called indirect object, a flower is direct object.
Moreover, a good sentence has right order, it is named structure. English language user has to know its structure. For example: explaining an action in the past time, they use past tense. For habitual action, they use the present time, how to write plural noun, verb for third singular person, and direct or indirect speech, all of them are arranged in Grammar.

Definition of Grammar

Grammar is the rules in a language for changing the form of words and joining them into sentences. The other definition at (http://eltj.oxfordjournals.org/content/40/1/73.full.pdf) that "Grammar is sometimes defined as the way words are put together to make correct sentences. This is as we shall see presently an over simplification, but it is a good starting point (and an easy way to explain the term to young learners)". Also Carrol claimed "Grammar is a formal device with a finite set of rules that generates the sentences in language."
From the some resources, the writer can conclude that "Grammar is a set of rule to combine the words or change to form acceptable units of meaning within a language".

Teaching Grammar

A student in my English Class

It is surprisingly difficult to present and explain a foreign language grammatical structure to a class of learners. A good presentation should include both oral and written forms, and both form and meaning. It is important for learner to have plenty of contextual examples of the structure and to understand them. Giving contextual example of the structure is to get students to learn the structures so thoroughly that they are able to produce them correctly on their own but it is unsatisfactory for student to be able to produce correct samples of a structure only when they are being specially tested on it. Many of us are familiar with the phenomenon of learners who get full marks on all the grammar exercises and test, but then make mistakes in the same structures when they are composing their own free speech or writing.
Because students make mistakes, the teachers must be able to minimize and revise the students' mistakes. Therefore, the teachers have to know how to teach for getting the students' understanding oral and written, and master several approaches or methods of teaching grammar. There are kinds of approach or methods like the Grammar Translation method, Oral Approach, Audio-lingual Method, The Silent Way, Total Physical Response, The Natural Approach, Community Language Learning, and Communicative Approach.
In this study not all of approaches or methods above are applied in teaching grammar, just some of them used. They are:

The Grammar Translation Method

The grammar translation method is not new. It is used in teaching of the classical method. In this method, teacher translates the target language into native language. Trough the study of the grammar of the target language, students would become more familiar with the grammar of their native language and that this familiarity would help them speak and write their native language better.
Teacher who uses the Grammar Translation method has a fundamental purpose of learning a foreign language. It is to be able to read literature written in the target language. To do this, students need to learn about the grammar rules and vocabulary of the target language.
The teaching process by using the grammar translation method has some characteristics that can be known easily. Students are taught to translate from one language to another. Thus students study grammar deductively, they are given the grammar rules and examples, are told to memorize them, and they are asked to apply to other examples. They also learn grammatical paradigms such as verb conjugation; they memorize native language equivalents for foreign language vocabulary words.
Moreover, there are some useful techniques associated with the Grammar Translation method are:

• Translation of a Literary Passage
• Reading Comprehension Questions
• Deductive Application on Rule
• Memorization
• Composition

The Direct Method

The direct method has one basic rule, no translation is allowed. It receives its name from the fact that meaning is to be connected directly with the target language, without going through the process of translation into the students' native language. A foreign language could be taught without translation or the uses of the learners' native language if meaning was conveyed directly through demonstration and action.
who use the direct method believe students need to associate meaning and the target language directly in order to do this when the teacher introduces a new target language word or phrase, he demonstrates its meaning through use of realia, picture, or pantomime.
The teacher never translates it into the students' native language.
For grammar is taught inductively, that is the students are presented with example and they figure out the rule or generalization from the examples. An explicit grammar rule may never be given. This condition makes student practice vocabulary by using new words in complete it into the students' native language.
Some techniques are applied in this method for improving students' ability are:

• Reading Aloud
• Question and Answer Exercise
• Conversation Practice
• Dictation
• Paragraph Writing

The Audio - Lingual Method

Learning of foreign language should be the some as the acquisition of the native language. The students do not need to memorize rules in order to use their native language. And there is method that present new vocabulary and structure through dialogues. It is named The Audio Lingual Method, The dialogues are learned from the examples given explicit grammar rules are not provided.
By using this method teachers want their students to be able to use the target language communicatively. In order to do this, they believe students need to over learn the target language, to learn to use it automatically without stopping to think.
Some techniques are given to students

• Dialog memorization
• Repetition Drill
• Single - Slot Substitution Drill
• Multiple - Slot Substitution Drill
• Grammar Game
• Transformation Drill

In next article I would explain about Past Tense, the use of it and How I teach Past Tense to my student. This article is part of my research to get the answer whether students at the first year of Local Junior High School who take extra English course better than who do not in Mastery Simple Past Tense.